INTERTESTAMENTAL: The Greek Period

OT LEH NT KIKAH KHANG: Greek te Khang

Thulhun Lui (OT) thusim hi, sahlam Israel leng gam Assyria ten a lah u, lhanglam Judah leng gam Babylon te alah u, chule kum zabi 5 leh 6 BC laiya Persia te leng khang ahung hia kona sohchang Israel te ho agam u Palestine lam a le kitol thun ana ki chai je.

Kum zabi 4 sung (kum 400), Thulhun Lui khang kichai leh Thulhun Thah khang kipat ma kah hi “Khang Kikah” tia minvo thei ahi. Hiche khang kikah sung hi kum 400 ana sot e. Hiche kum 400 sung hin Israel te thusim ana kisei poh ta poi. Kim khat in hiche kum 400 sung hi “Khang Thip Khang” tin jong asei uve. Hiche kum 400 sunga thilsoh um ho chu Bible thua akisun pon, chule jong Thuphong jong ana um poi. Hiti ho jeha chu “Khang Thip Khang” ana tiu ahi.

Hiche Khang Thip Khang lai tah chun Greek te laha Alexander the Great hi Middle East sunga tha hat pen in ahungpang e. Alexander the Great lamkainan Granicus mun (334 BC), Issus mun (333 BC), chule Arbela mun (331 BC) ho a Persia te ana sat un¸ Greek ten gal ahin jo peh un ahi.
Greek te chondan “Hellenism” kiti hi Greek te sum kol vei ho leh galjo na jal in muntin ana lo in, ahin Alexander khang a kon in Greek te chondan in muntin ahin ha lo cheh in ahi. Greek te pao hi sumkolveina lam leh iya kai kihoumat na a, ana mang un ahi.

Thulhun Thah (NT) khang ahung lhun hin Greek pao hi kholai dung leh thilzohchoh le na mun ho a aki mang pen in ahi. Latin pao kiman na Rome khopi ngel a jong Greek pao in ana lo in ahi. Chamlhat chang mi te ho leh soh ho hin Greek pao ana mang uve.

Alexander in khopi 70 ana tung doh in, khopi jouse chonchan dan chu Greek te ngaina ho alo khumsah e. Alexander ama tah leh amite hon jat dang numei ho akichen pi un, jat ki hal chinam asoh gam tauve. Hia kon chun Greek te chondan leh solam te chondah ahung kihaldoh tan ahi.

Alexander hi kum 323 BC chun ana thin, athi jouvin a lenggam chu akhutnoiya sepai lamkai mi 4 akihom doh uve. Hiche mun 4 laha mun 2 chu Thulhun Thah toh khen thei ahi poi. Hite ni chu ahi leh Ptolemaic leh Seleucid gamkai te ni ahi lhon e.

Ptolemaic lenggam mun pi hi Egypt gam ahin, akhopi u chu Alexandria ahi. Hiche lenggam sunga kitet a, galjouva lamkaiya hung pang ho min chu “Ptolemies” ana sah uve. Kum 30 BC kuma ana thi Cleopatra chu Ptolemaic leng khang kichaina ana hi.

Seleucid lenggam mun pi hi Syria gam ahin, akhopi u chu Antioch ahi. Hiche lenggam sunga kiteta, galjouva lamkaiya hung pang ho min chu “Seleucus” ana sah uve. Kim khat ho vang chu “Antiochus” tin jong ana kimin vo uve. Amin ni gel (Seleucus leh Antiochus) chu Seleucids tin ana ki kouve.

Kum 64 BC kuma Pompey in Syria gam hi Rome te gamsunga ahin koiya pen chun Seleucid lenggam (empire) khang chu ana kichai tan ahi. Hiche Seleucid lenggam ana kichai na jeh chu Egypt leh Syria kikah a, chanvo kichu jeh ana hi. Palestine gam hi mun lai ya um ahin, Ptolemies leh Seleucids hon kai adong cheh un ahi. Hiche Palestine gam dinpin ana kisat un ahi.

A til chun Ptolemies ten Palestine gam sung chu kum 122 (320-198 BC) sung ana lo un ahi. Alhang pia sei ding in, hiche khang lai chun Jews te nom tah in ana cheng uve. Thusim kimu dan in, hiche khang lai, adeha Ptolemy Philadelphus (285-246 BC) vaipoh sung chun Jews mi 72 in Hebrew paova kisun Thulhun Lui bu chu Greek pao in ana le pan un ahi. Hiche ana le u chu “Septuagint” a kiti. Pentateuch kiti Thulhun Lui bu masa bu 5 ho chu ana le masau vin, chujouvin adang ho aban ban in ana le un ahi.

Hiche Bible le natoh (Translation) chu Egypt muna ana tohu ahi. Hiche ana leu chu Hebrew pao sanga Greek pao tho them jo Jews te dia ana ki le ahi. Chule Palestine gama cheng Jews te leh Egypt gama cheng Jews te ho chonchan lama ki bahtah lou jeh jong ahi. Hiche Hebrew pao va kon Greek pa ova ahung ki le na chu Palestine gama cheng Jews te ding sanga Egypt gama cheng Jews te dia ana kile ahi.

Hiche pao le a pang ho chu Hebrew te pao leh chonchan sang in Greek te pao leh chonchan in alo ho ahiuvin, pao ale naova hetchet lou na leh boina atoh uve. Ama ho chu Palestine gam a cheng louva Egypt gama achen jehu ahi. Roman jatsim dan LXX hi 70 kim tina ahin, mi 72 natohna tin hiche Bible (Thulhun Lui) paokile chu LXX tin aki hen ahi.

Seleucid ten Palestine gam lah ding ahin gong pan kit un ahi. Gal tol ana pan un chule ana kichen piu vin ahi. Hite ni (gal leh kichen) a ana pat vang un, anigel in alo lhing jou deh pon ahi. Ahin Antiochus III (198 BC) lamkainan Egypt ahin jou un ahi.

Hia kon chun Jews te jong loi ni ahung kiso doh uve. Egypt te langa pang, Onias jat mite pan hu Jews (pro-Egyptian) loi leh Syria te langa pang, Tobia jat mite pan hu Jews (pro-Syrian) tin loi ni asoh uve.

Antiochu IV (175-163), Epiphanes tia jong ki minvo, in Onias III leh asopipa Jason hi Jews te Thempu chung nung in ahin khel in ahi. Onias sopipa Jason (Greek te chondan jui) in Jerusalem khopi hi Greek te khopi khat in ahin sem doh e.

Mite ho kichepna ding mun ho ahin sa in, chule lhai kitena ding mun ho jong asem e. Hia kon chun Jews te hon jong Greek te chondan hon ahin jom pan un ahi. Lhaitet golseh ho apat teng u leh pathen ho henga ataoun kitelna kin ho apan ji un ahi. Jews Thempu te ho jong aga lha jiuve.

Greek te chonchan (Hellenization) lo khumna chu lampi chom chom ajao in ahi. Lamthona (theaters) mun ho, Greek te kivondan (dress) ho, chep tan ta lou, Hebrew min a kimin vo ho jong Greek min a kimin vo u, leh adang dang ho ahi. Jews te laha jat le nam ngailua, Greek te lo khumna ana dem ho chu “Hasidim or Hasideans” ana tiuve. Jat le ngam ngai lu, chule jat dang chonchan jom lou “mitheng” ti na jong ahi.

Antiochus Epiphanes in Egypt ana lah masang in, Jason leh Menelaus te ni hi Thempu chung nung in ana pansah e. Menelaus hi Greek chonchan jom Jews mi ahi. Aman hin Antiochus henga Palestine gam sunga kai sang tah don peh din ana kitem e.

Menelaus hi Thempu phung sunga hilou mai thei ahi. Jews mitheng ho chun Themput na sum le pai ya kon apan thei u chu nasatah in adem un ahi. Sum le pai ya thempu hina kichoh ti chu dih asa pouve.