Samaria Thusim (Sebastia)

                                          Dr Neh Kho Lal

August 22, 2018

Thumakai

Samaria mite leh Samaria khopi thusim hi Bible sunga akisim doh jinge. Hiche khopi hi phat khat laichun Israel leng gam din khopi (capital) mun ana hin, hiche khopi sunga hin thilsoh tampi ana um e. Bible a thusim tampi jong hiche khopi mun a anasoh ahi. Mailai khanga dia khopi mun thupi leh minthang khat ahin, hiche khopi umdol leh thusim ho thu hi hetchet ding dei aum lheh e.

Samaria Min

Samaria kiti min hi tun Sebastia tin aki minvo tai. Samaria kiti min hi Shemer kiti mikhat mina kona hung kiminvo ahi. Hiche khopi mun hi Shemer kitipa leimun ana hiye. Israel leng Omri in hiche mun hi aneipa Shemer henga dangka-a ana kichohdoh ahi.

BC 880 kum in “…Israel leng Omrin kum gup sung in Tirzah khopia lengvai ana pon, chuin, Shemer kitipa khat’a konin Samaria thinglhang chu dangka sang gup’in (two talents of silver) achoi. Omrin lhangvum chu kulpi akaikhumin, khopi asemdohin, gampuluipa min putsah nan Samaria asahtai” 1 Kings (16:24). Munlei nei pa Shemer min chu akhela “Samaria” tia hung kikhel doh ahiye.

Samaria khomun

Israel leng Omri (885-874 BC) in Samaria hi Israel leng gam khopi mun dia ana tun doh ahi. Hiche gammun hi Israel ten Canaan ahin louva Ephraim phung leh Menassesh phung kehlang ho channa gam mun chu ahiye.

Samaria khopi hi molvum chunga kisa ahi. Akim vel, ajet aveiya vaphai cham ngen ahiye. Mun nom tah ahi. Mol chung vum a kon in akimvel jouse gam la tah akigal mu theiye. Jerusalem khopi’a kona sahlam (north) mun a um ahin, Bus in pung-khat velbep akijot-e.

Tun Israel Sorkal vaipohna polam, Palestine lamkai ho gamhop sung (West Bank) a aum e. Samaria hi Sechem kho a kon in bus in pung-lang vel bep akijot-e.

Samaria gamsung a kho ho

Bible sunga Samaria gamsunga kho ho jong tampi aki phong doh e. Thempu Aron chate ho chenna dia ana kipe Anathoth kho (Jer. 1:1); Israel leng masa pen Saul chenna Gibeah kho (1 Sam. 10:26); Pakaiyin Themgao Jeremiah ana houpina Rama kho (Jer. 40); Houthu dola kikhopna dia Samuel in mipi akouna mun chu Mizpah (Sam. 10:17-27) ahi; leh Jacob Pathen toh akimutona Bethel kho (Gen. 12:9, 13:3) ho ahiuve. Hiche kho mun ho hi Jerusalem kho a kona mile 12 kimvel ngen ahiuve.

Samaria Khokijepna

Israel leng Omri (885-874 BC) in Samaria khopi muna hi achenna ding leng inpi, alha cha ho chena ding in ho tampi ana san ahi. Hou thua manchah na ding in ho jong tampi ana sad oh e. Amite ho jong hin khut them ana hiuvin, molvum a kumkhat jen jah khop ding tui khol theina (plastered water cisterns) jong ana bol doh uve.

Leinoiya um thillui khol ho (Archaelogists) in Samaria khopilui mun alai nauva, Phoenician mite ho injepna saiha (ivory) hel 200 val jen amu doh un ahi. Saiha kholna mun jong ana um din aging chauve. Leng Omri chapa Ahab in Phoenician gam Tyre a Jezebel ana kichen pi ahi. Hitia akisam kai naova kona chu saiha (ivory) ahin kipoh lut’u hi din aseiuve.

Samaria te hou (Baal leh Astarte)

Israel te hin “Hingjing Pathen” ahin hou peh’u ahi. Leng Omri chapa Ahab hin Pathen hou lou Phoenician gam Tyre a numei khat amin Jezebel (lengte chanu) ahin kichen pin ahi. Jezebel hin agam sunguva ana hou-u, Baal leh Astarte pathen hou chu Israel te laha ahin polut in ahi. Hiti chun Samaria hi semthu pathen houna (idolatry) munpi khat leh mite chonsetna (corruption) mun khat ahung soh doh khan ahi.

Samaria chunga Themgao ho thuphon

Israel te hon akhang akhanga hahsat gentheina ahin pui hoi jing u, Hijing Pathen nung suna pathen dang ahou u chu Pathen alung hang lheh in ahi. Pathen in themgao ho mang chan hiche Samaria khopi leh mite ho chunga mailama thilsoh ding ho aphon dohsah e.

Themgao Isaiah (760-673 BC) in “…Assyria lengpan Damascus khopi gou jouse leh Samaria khopi thil chomdoh chengse akipoh mang ding ahi” tin ana phong e (Isaiah 8:4). Themgao Jeremiah in, “Samaria Themgao ho chonset kamun, Baal minin thu aseiyun kamite apui mang tauve…abon chauva Sodom leh Gomorrah mite phat lou bang bang ahiuve….” tin anaseiye (Jeremiah 23:13-14).

Themgao Hosea (732-722 BC) henga jong, “Kamite Israel damsah a, haodoh sah kit kanop phat phat le, agitlou nau le thilse abol hou’u kamudohji tai. Khat le khat akilhem to’uvin; kholai dunga mi achom’ui” tin aseiye (Hosea 7:1).

Chule Themgao Hosea (732-722 BC) ma ma mang chan, “Eidou jal’a Samaria khopin talen amat tei ding, amite galmuna thia, naosen ho tol’a achil thang diu, numei gai akhedoh diu ahi,” tin ana sei leuve (Hosea 13:16).

Pakaiyin Themgao Micha (738-698) mang chan, “Samaria khopi hi khogem kaso ding, lengpileiya bol thei kahisah ding ahi. Khopi sung thilse jouse phaicham khat’a kasun lhah ding, khopi bulpi khom jouse alheng lhol’a kajam ding ding ahi….” tin aseiye (Michah 1:6-7).

Samaria te Hahsat Thoh

Samari khomi te hon Pathen adalhah uva, pathen dang Baal leh Astart houna ajopuvin, achung uva Pathen alung hang lheh e. Themgao ho mang chan Samari khopi doi hou thu leh achon thang hoi thu-a ana gih jing e. Ahin Samaria mite hon kisihna leh lungheina anei chom pouve.

Themgao Elisha (845-800 BC) khang in jong Syria ten Samaria khopi ahin no khum un, nikho tami aum chah uvin ahi. Khosung a neh le chah ahahsan, mitin an neh ding nei louvin aum uvin ahi. Nupi mi nin jong acha lhon akithan, ane va lhon in, akita thah ding cha chu anun aselmang in lengpa Ahab henga alhut lhon-e.

Samaria khopam langa kino doh phatnatna nei (lepers) mili ho chu Samaria khopi umkol Syria ho ngahmuna aga cheu leh Pathen in ama ho mang chan Syria sepai te ho ajam mang sah un, hiche miphah li a kon in Samaria te khat vei gal leh kel a kon in ana kihuh doh uve (1 Kings 7).

Themgao ho thusei jouva pat in Syria mite hon Samaria khopi hi avel vel in ahin dou pan uvin ahi. Syria gama Ben-Hadad II leng chan laiyin Samaria ahin dou uve. “Syria lengpa Benhadah chun aseipai jouse akhomin, gamvaipo somthum le nin asakoteu le kangtalai jouse pumin apanhun, hiti hin Benhadad chu Samaria sat din akitol’in khopi chu nokhum din aum tai” (1 Kings 20:1). Leng Ahab chu athat un, Samaria khopi mun a akivui tai (1 Kings 22).

Samaria Assyria ten lo

721 BC kum in Israel te khopi Samaria chu Assyria leng Sargon II in gal ahin bol in, Samaria khopi leh amite ama khut noiya aum doh tauve (11 Kings 17:1-6; 24). 722 BC in Samaria khomite ho misim 27,000 valjen chu gal hing in Syria gam langa ana kai mang uve. Sahalam Israel cham lhat gam chu hiche khang hin anakichai tan ahi. Israel te ho chu Syria gam ho sung, mun chom chom a achen thang sah uve.

Assyria gam langa kon in mitampi ahung kitol un, Samaria khopi leh akimvel ahung cheng lut un ahi. Ahung cheng lut ho chu Samaria gamsunga dalhah um Israel te ho toh acheng khom uve. Hiti chun Samaria dalhah dena um Israel te ho leh Syria gama kon hung cheng lut ho chu khonung in ahung kicheng tou un, khonung in Israel te lah’a atheng lou nam tin ahung um doh uve.

Samaria Greek ten lo

331 BC kum in Macedon a Alexander in Samaria gam hi gal ahin bol in, ama khut sunga ahung umdoh tan ahi. Dalhah Israel te leh ahung cheng lut Assyria te khopi chu Alexander in asa phan, Greek te khopin ahin sem doh kit e. Ahin Hasmoneans te hon hiche mun hi ahin suse kit uve.

Chujou vin Rome te khutnoiya ahung chukit e. Rome te leng (Roman Emperor) Augusts jana pehnan Leng Herod (Herod the Great) khopi min Samaria a kon in Sebaste tin ana khel in ahi.

Samaria Khopi Gem

Herod chun Samaria mun chu tha le jung, sum le pai tampi seng in thupi tah in ana sem phan ahi. Hiche muna chu hou in ho atung doh in, kichepna leh kidelna mun ho abol in, lamthona mun jong asem in ahi. Amun muna kot ahong in, adang sevang chu gal in asuh chim thei louna ding in, songbang dettah in ana umkol in ahi.

Hiche muna hin Emperor August houin akitung in, gamla mutheina dansang ho (towers) jong akitung in chule feet 2690 (820 meter) jen sao songpheng kipha lampi jong aum na laiye. Mipi golnop lam, kichep leh kidel ve ho touna, feet 50 vel chana sang agol gola kigol touna ho jong tuni chan in aum na laiye.

John luchang kikoina

Samaria khopi lhang lam, lhangvum noi jepa hin kumjabi 7 laiya ana kiphut Byzantine hou in neo khat aum e. Jordan lui gal lang Machaerus a ana kithat John luchang chu hiche muna hi ana koi u ahi. Crusader ho sah John geldohna a houin ana sah u ahi. Hiche hou in lui jong chu tuni chan in mutheiyin aum na laiye.

Samaria khomun kikhol

Samaria khomun chu 1908 kum in Harvard University a kon in thului khol a agacheuvin, lei mun ho phate chan alai un thillui tampi mu doh uve. Muntin a mi chom chom hon jong hiche mun hi akhol jing un ahi.

Isreal leng Omri leh Ahab khanga khopi kul pi ho jong aum na laiyin, chule kum jabi 8 laiya Jeroboam leng inpi leh lei-ngan-tah (ceramic material) a kibol thilmanchah ho chunga Hebrew paova lekha kisun ho jong tampi amu doh un ahi.

Samaria mite (Samaritans)

Samaria-a ana cheng Jews te ho hi Jacob chapa Joseph cha lah’a Menasseh phung a kon ahiuve. Ama ho hi Shamerim ahilou leh Chingtup ho tia kikou ding adei uve. Ama ho hi Mose danthu peh ho akhang akhanga ching tup a pang ahiuve.

Ama hon asei nao va, Assyria te hon 721 BC kuma Samaria ana chom u chun Samaria a ana cheng masa ho chu akai mang u ahin, adang se vang chu cheng den in akisei uve. Ama ho thusim chintupna a chun ama ho hi Israel lengkhat kichai lam a pat, Persia te, Greek te, Roman te leh Arab te khang chan geiya hougut loiya hung um peh in akisei uve.

1624 kum chan chun Mose sopipa Aron chilhah a kon a hung peng peh thempu nu nung pen khat ana um e. Ama hin goulo son ding chapa anei ta pon, ama themput na chu thempu phung (Levi phung) sunga hon tuni chan in abanjop uve.

Samaria te thohgimna

Kumjabi 17 khangsung chun Muslim hon Samaria ho hi anasu genthei un, ana that uvin ahi. Samaria ho chu Muslim ho sunga ada cham louvin ana kai lut uve. Ama ho chu Vangbohna mol tia kihe Gerizim mol chunga agakal doh diu aphalpeh pouve.

Samaria mite ho hin hiche Vangbohna mol Gerizim mochunga hi akhang akhanga kithoina leh kalchuh kut ana bol jiu ahi. Muslim houva akailut nunguva hi hiche molchunga kithoina mun leh kalchuh kutmanna ho chu alhun sah nom lou u ahi tai.

Ottoman vaipohna khang kichai lam hin Gerizim mol noiya um Shechem khomuna hin Samaria mi 146 bou ana cheng uve. Kumjabi 20 khang hin akivel a cheng mite ho toh ahung kicheng to kit un, mi phachompi ahung um kit in ahi.

Samaria te moltheng: Mt. Gerizim

Samaria te ho hin Mose danthu peh hi Dantheng tah in akisan un, chule nasa tah in jana ape un, aching tup un ahi. Ama ho tahsan dan in hiche mol hi Adam leh Eve hungkisemdohna mun ahin, chule Abraham in achapa Isaac maicham a atouna mun chu ahi atiuve. Israel dang hon vang Abraham in achapa Isaach maicham a atona mun chu Moriah moltin atahsan uve.

SAMARIA TE TAHSAN LEH CHONDAN

Mose dan thu peh

Samaria te ho hin Mose hi themgao dihtah khat in atahsan uvin, Mose sut danbu ho hi angai lu lheh uve. Mose danthu peh laha khat na (Kei tilou Pathen dang hou dauvin” leh nina (Lim semthu hou dauvin” Exodus 20:3,4) hi khat in agom khom uve.

          Themgao pom dan

Themgao tamtah laha Joshua jong hi themgao dih tah khat in apom uve. Ajeh chu Mose sut danbu sunga Joshua min ajao jing in, chule Mose khela Israel te lamkai ya ahungpan jeh ahi.

Danthu peh ni gom leh choldo ni nit

Samaria te hon Danbu Nina 27:4 sunga “tunia kahil bangun, Jordan gal lang khat, Ebal molsanga chun song lentah tah phut un lang, loijol’uvin” ati thua amun Ebal mun dihasa pouve. Ebal mol chu Gerizim mol tin akhel uve.

Samaria te ho hin danthu peh ho hi gahtah in ajui uve. Adeh in choldo ni kho theng taha nit ding leh Pakaiyin mandia athupeh kut nikho leh kut kiman dan ho phate chan ajui uve.

          Ebal Mol chu Gerizim Mol tia khel

Gerizem mol hi ama ho dia moltheng ahin, hiche molchunga hin kithoina leh kut ho aga mang jiuve. Kalchuh kut nikho hi suhmil thei lou nikho thupi tah khat in amang jiuve. Kut kimang hi Pakai jabolna a kimang ahi (Exodus 12:11).

          Kalchuh Kutman thu

Kut nikho lhun teng Gerizem mol chunga abon uvin akal tou uvin, inson tam leh lhom dung juiyin kithoi na ding kelngoi ham kelcha ham akipui un, thempu pan molchunga chun Exodus 12 asim in, “kelgnoi ahi lou leh kelcha tha ding” tia ahinsei teng leh mipi chun kelchu atha pai diu jiu ahi.

Kel sa chu maicham phunga chun agouvam jiuve. Kel malang keng se vang chu thempu ape jiuve. Kel sa chu meiya asang min un, jankim teng leh inmuna cholso lou changlhah leh tuikha toh ame jiuve.

Choldo Nikho nit

Samaria ten choldo nikho hi gahtah in anit jiuve. Hiche choldo ni teng leh ponchol tah angong uva aki o-un, taona amang jiuve. Thempu hon vang nikho dang hapta sung in ponchol kang akivon jiuve.

Cheptan thu

Samaria ten naosen peng pasal ho chu apen jou ni get lhinin chep atan peh jiuve. Hiche cheptan na kin hi thempu lamkaina a kibol ji ahi.

          Maicham kithoina (Temple)

Samaria ten maicham kithoina in (temple) hi Gerizim mol chunga asauve. 128 BC kuma Jerusalem lama Roman te vaihomna sulhu, Hasmonean lamkai John Hurcanus in ana suset peh e. Khonungin Roman Emperor Hadrian in hiche hou in kisuhset na mun lui ya chun Jupiter pathen houna atung doh kit e. Hiche nung in hiche muna hin Byzantine hou in ni jen ahung kisa dohkit e.

1968 kum in Thusimlui khol hon hiche mun aga khol uvin, lei noiya masang laiya Samaria ten maicham ana bolna a anasah u hou in (temple) leh thil chom chom ho alai doh uve.

Samaria te hon Abisha lekha jol hi manlu tah in akichin uve. Elazar tupa Abisha in Mose Danthu peh ho chu Samaria lekha a anasut don son ahi. Israel te hon kumjabi 13 (1300 BC) khanglaiya Cannan gam ahin chotlut khang a ana kisun in atahsan uve. Ahin thukhol atam jon hiche lekhajol hi khonung peha kisun hi din atansah uve.

Samaria Namkihal

Pakai Jesu khanga pat hin Samaria mite ho hi lhomcha bou aum tauve. Tukhang hi Samaria ho hi 500 vel bep sim theiyin aum uvin, Gerizim mol noi chin a akeh lang acheng un chule adang se chu Tel Aviv khopi kom Holon muna acheng uve. Pakai Jesun heng le kom ngailut ding thua “Samaria miphapa thulem” aseina a kon in Samaria kit hi Christian akimel chih jing e.

Ama sang langa Samaria thusim hung kisei bang chun Samaria khopi hi Assyria lengpa leh aseipai ten ana nokhum uva, amite khat thah thahat lai se chu Assyria gam langa ana kai mang u ahi. Numei chapang chule tehse phachom pi Samari a ana da lhah u ahi.

Assyria te jong agam languva kon in ahot hot in Samaria gama ahung kichon lut un, kho nungin mitampi ahung lut uve. Samaria a ana um sa, dalhah Israel te toh acheng khom uvin, khat le khat jong ji le chan aki jong to un, Mose dan thupeh dung juiya atheng lou soh gam ahi tauve.

Jews te ho Babylon gama soha atan nunguva, agam lang u hung kile kituva Jerusalem kulpi leh houin asah phat u chun Samaria um Israel te hon natoh gahu ding atiu ahin, Jerusalem a um Jews te hon akhut san pouve. Ajehchu Samaria um Jews te ho chu atheng lou ahi tah jehuva chu khopi theng leh hou in theng sahphatna a chu aphansah nom lou u ahi. Ama ho hung pang leh khopi leh houin chu boh kit dia agel u ahi.

Samaria mite leh Pakai Jesu Thuhil

Pakai Jesu khang chan geiyin Jews ten Samaria te hi ijakaiya athet u ahi. Atheng lou min nam tia agel u ahi. Hou thu dola jong kisam kai loubeh a um ahi tauve. Khat le khat ki kom to ta lou, kidon ta lou ahiuve. Hiche lung put hi Pakai Jesun ahen, nasatah in thu anahil e. Pathen mit mua Jews leh Samaria detkhenna aum lou thu ana sei jing e.

Pakai Jesun Samaria miphapa thulem (Luke 10:25-37) aseinaa, “Pathen ngailua kigel-a, thempu (priest) khat leh hou lhacha a pang (Levi) khat in, gucha michom hon avohlih deh pao chunga lainatna nei louva apel doh lhona, Jews te hon akidah u, ima agel lou u Samaria pan maha pupa chu amua, alaitnat pia, ajen le a, apan hu thua koi joh chun mina pa angailut em” ti ana hil chen e. Mipin mina pa panhu pa chu atiuve.

Pakai Jesun ahilchet nompen chu Jews te leh Samaria te tiakikhen adih lou dan, Pathen ngailu leh natong a kigela, ahia Pathen mite thohgimna a khohsah lou chule donlou ho chu Pathen ngailu leh natong dihtah hina vem ti ahetsah nom ahi.

Reference: Sebastia (Samaria) Pictorial Souvenir